AN OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEMPORARY STEEL MAKING PROCESSES

Abstract

The manufacture of steel is essentially an oxidation process that decreases the amount of carbon, silicon, magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur in a mixture of molten pig iron and steel scrap. The impurities such as nitrogen, sulphur, silicon, phosphorus and excess carbon are separated out from the raw iron and alloying elements such as nickel, manganese, vanadium, molybdenum and chromium are added to impart different properties to steel. This paper has reviewed the modern technologies used in a steel plant such as Bessemer process for steelmaking, open-hearth process for steelmaking, Basic oxygen converter, ingot casting, continuous casting and electric arc furnace steelmaking. In this study, the production procedure, advantages, and limitations of each of the steelmaking process have been discussed. The application of steel materials in various industrial purposes has been explored.