SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ADULT FEMALE CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS TO PYRETHROID (LAMBDACYHALOTHRIN) AND CARBAMATE (BENDIOCARB) AROUND ZARIA METROPOLIS OF KADUNA STATE

Abstract

The study was carried out to determine the susceptibility of adult female Culex quinquefasciatus to Bendiocarb and Lambdacyhalothrin in Zaria. Immature stages (larva and pupa) of C. quinquefasciatius were collected from Samaru, Basawa and Galma Dam between July to September, 2019 using the scooping method. The immature stages were reared to adult in the laboratory and exposed to Bendiocarb (0.05%) and Lambdacyhalothrin (0.1%) using the standard WHO standard procedures and test kits for adult mosquitoes to test for their susceptibility status. WHO standards for characterizing insecticide resistance and susceptibility where susceptibility is defined by mortality rate greater than 98% after 24 hours post exposure and a mortality of less than 98% is suggestive of the existence of resistance is used for the determination of susceptibility and resistance and t-test was used to compare susceptibility between Bendiocarb and Lambdacyhalothrin across each location. The highest mortality was recorded after 60mins of exposure to Bendiocarb while C. quinquefasciatus was resistant to Lambdacyhalothrin at the 24 hours post exposure period. There was significant difference in the mortality of C. quinquefasciatus exposed to both insecticides; however, there was no significant difference after 15mins of exposure in Basawa. This study has highlighted the susceptibility of C. quinquefasciatus Bendiocarb and resistant to Lambdacyhalothrin which could be as a result of long time use of Pyrethroid as agrochemicals and in public health uses in Indoor Residual Spray and impregnated into Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). Rational but control use of insecticide should be developed to prolong and delay resistance development in local mosquito species of Zaria.