THE UNITED STATES' ROLE IN COUNTERINSURGENCY EFFORTS IN NIGERIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

This paper critically analyzes U.S. support for Nigeria’s counter-insurgency operations against Boko Haram and ISWAP insurgencies. It examines the forms of support provided, including surveillance equipment, training, financial aid, and development cooperation. Using the qualitative methodology. The study applies a constructivist approach to explore how norms, identities, and strategic interests have shaped U.S.-Nigeria cooperation on counterterrorism. Since Nigeria's independence in 1960, the relationship between the two countries has been influenced by issues related to governance, human rights, and security, making it delicate.The U.S. has supported Nigeria through military aid, including equipment such as the A-29 Super Tucano, and special operations training, enhancing Nigeria's counterterrorism capabilities. Financial aid, such as the Financial Military Financing, has also played a role in strengthening Nigeria's defense framework. U.S. development aid addresses the root causes of insurgency by funding education, food aid, and markets in insurgency-affected regions. Despite these efforts, challenges such as corruption, inefficiency, and socio-economic inequality hinder the full potential of U.S. assistance. The paper argues that U.S.-Nigeria cooperation is shaped by a complex web of identities and interests, with the constructivist approach providing valuable insights but also revealing shortcomings. It concludes with a call for a "Smart Power" strategy, combining counterinsurgency measures with long-term development programs to address the structural causes of insurgency in Nigeria.